On this page, you will find everything you need to know about retinoblastoma.
What is retinoblastoma?
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the retina of the eye. It most commonly affects children under the age of 5 and can be treated successfully when diagnosed at an early stage.
What are the symptoms of retinoblastoma?
The symptoms are usually not obvious and tend to appear in infants and young children. The most common symptoms include:
- A white spot in the pupil of the eye that becomes visible when light shines on it.
- Poor or deteriorating vision.
- Swelling of the eye.
- Sudden onset of strabismus (crossed eyes).
- Change in pupil size.
What causes retinoblastoma?
Retinoblastoma occurs due to abnormal cell growth in the retina of children, resulting from a hereditary genetic mutation. However, there is no clear cause that explains why this mutation occurs.
How is retinoblastoma diagnosed?
The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination. Additional tests may be ordered as needed, such as:
- Eye examinations, such as a dilated eye exam; the doctor may recommend performing the exam under general anesthesia for children.
- Genetic testing to determine whether the condition is hereditary.
In some cases, the doctor may also request:
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to check if cancer cells have spread.
- Bone marrow to determine whether cancer cells have spread.
How is retinoblastoma treated?
Treatment depends on the size, location, and spread of the cancer cells. It may include one or more of the following, depending on the patient’s condition:
- .
- Laser therapy.
- Eye removal surgery (enucleation).
How can retinoblastoma be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent retinoblastoma. However, genetic testing is recommended for couples planning to have children if there is a family history of the disease. It is also advised to maintain regular eye examinations for children during routine medical visits.
What are the complications of retinoblastoma?
The most common complications include:
- in the affected eye.
- If the cause is hereditary, the child may be at risk of developing another type of cancer.
When should you see a doctor?
You should see a doctor if any of the symptoms mentioned above appear, or if you notice any unusual changes in your child’s eyes or vision.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Can retinoblastoma affect both eyes?
It is possible but rare. Retinoblastoma usually affects only one eye.
