On this page, you will find everything you need to know about Polycystic Kidney Disease.

What is Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. This disorder arises from an inherited genetic mutation, which may alter the shape and size of the kidneys. PKD is one of the diseases that lead to chronic kidney disease, reducing kidney function and eventually leading to kidney failure. There are two main types of PKD:

• Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD): This is the most common form of PKD. It is usually diagnosed in adults between the ages of 30 and 50, although it can occur in early childhood or adolescence.
• Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD): This is a rare form of PKD, which causes abnormal kidney growth in the fetus in the womb or immediately after birth.

What Causes Polycystic Kidney Disease?

A person can develop PKD due to genetic mutations. Typically, the individual inherits the genetic mutation from one of the parents. However, in very few cases, it occurs due to a spontaneous mutation, meaning neither parent carries a genetic mutation or defect.

What are the Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease?

• Abdominal pain.
• Blood in the urine.
• High blood pressure.
• Frequent nighttime urination.
• Frequent bladder or kidney infections.
• Pain in one or both sides (flanks).
• Back pain.
• Joint pain.
• Nail shape abnormalities.

How is Polycystic Kidney Disease Diagnosed?

The doctor takes the medical history and performs a physical examination. They may also request additional procedures as needed, such as:

• Blood tests.
• Urine tests.
• Glomerular filtration rate test, a blood test that measures how much blood passes through the filters (glomeruli) in the kidneys.
• Ultrasound scan.
• CT scan.

How is Polycystic Kidney Disease Treated?

Currently, there is no cure for PKD, but early diagnosis helps prevent complications resulting from the disease. Treatment options for complications from PKD include:

• Blood pressure-lowering medications.
• Antibiotics for infections.
• Dialysis or kidney transplant in the case of kidney failure.

How Can Polycystic Kidney Disease be Prevented?

As of now, there is no way to prevent PKD.

What are the Complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease?

• High blood pressure.
• Blood in the urine.
• Kidney stones.
• Urinary tract infections.
• Kidney failure.

When Should You See a Doctor?

• If you have any signs or symptoms that may indicate you may have PKD.
• If you or your partner has a personal or family history of PKD and are planning to have a child, you should consult a doctor beforehand.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should individuals with polycystic kidney disease follow a specific diet?

No, there is no specific food proven to prevent cyst development. However, reducing salt intake helps control blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure. A low-fat, moderate-calorie diet also helps maintain a healthy weight.

Is it advisable for people with polycystic kidney disease to exercise?

Yes, but avoid exercises that may harm the kidneys. Consult your doctor about which sports to avoid.