On this page, you will find everything you need to know about Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
What is Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare condition in which the blood vessels become inflamed. It primarily affects the ears, nose, sinuses, kidneys, and lungs.
What are the symptoms of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
Main symptoms include:
- Fatigue.
- Fever.
- Muscle weakness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Unintentional weight loss.
- Joint pain.
Additional symptoms depend on the affected organ:
Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) symptoms:
- Nasal congestion or runny nose.
- Nosebleeds
- Crusting around the nostrils.
- Facial pain (sinusitis).
- Earache
- Hearing loss.
Lung symptoms:
- Chronic cough.
- Shortness of breath.
- Wheezing
- Chest pain.
Kidney symptoms:
- Blood in urine.
- High blood pressure.
- Glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation).
Skin symptoms:
- Rash
- Nodules
- Small purplish spots.
Eye symptoms:
- Eye irritation (conjunctivitis).
- Swelling of the eyelids.
- Double vision.
Gastrointestinal symptoms:
- Abdominal pain.
- Diarrhea
- Blood in stool.
What causes Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
The exact cause of GPA is unknown. It is likely related to immune system dysfunction, where the body mistakenly attacks blood vessels. However, the reason why this occurs is not fully understood.
How is Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis diagnosed?
The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination. Additional tests may include:
- Urine test.
- Blood test.
- Biopsy
- Imaging studies (X-rays).
How is Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and may include:
- Immunosuppressive medications.
- Plasmapheresis (a procedure to filter harmful antibodies from the blood).
- Pain relievers.
How can Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent GPA, as it is considered an autoimmune disease.
When should you see a doctor?
You should consult a doctor if you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above.
Frequently Asked Question:
Is Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis a common disease?
No. GPA is a rare autoimmune condition, and there is no known cause that explains why it occurs.
