On this page, you will find everything you need to know about epilepsy.
What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder affecting the brain that affects people worldwide. It is characterized by recurrent seizures, which are brief episodes of involuntary movement that may involve part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized). They occur due to abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain.
What are the Symptoms of Epilepsy?
The primary symptoms of epilepsy are seizures or fits. Symptoms can vary, with some or all of the following occurring:
Shaking (tremors) in the body, face, or limbs.
Foam at the mouth.
Loss of consciousness.
Inability to control the bladder.
Lips turning blue or purple.
Redness and dryness of the skin in children.
What are the Causes of Epilepsy?
The causes of epilepsy vary from person to person. Some individuals may develop epilepsy for no identifiable reason. In other cases, epilepsy can result from:
Brain damage occurring before or during birth (such as oxygen deprivation or birth trauma, and low birth weight).
Severe head injury.
Brain infection, such as meningitis or encephalitis.
Drug or alcohol abuse.
Each cause comes with different symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment options.
How is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
Doctors usually begin with a medical history and physical exam and may order further tests if needed, such as:
Electroencephalogram (EEG).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
How is Epilepsy Treated?
Treatment involves several procedures or as required, and may include:
Anti-seizure medications.
Surgery: conducted when medications do not effectively control seizures.
How to Prevent Epilepsy Seizures?
Preventing head injury, for example, by reducing falls, traffic accidents, and sports injuries, is the most effective way to prevent epilepsy resulting from external trauma.
Adequate prenatal care can reduce new cases of epilepsy caused by birth injury.
Preventing stroke-related epilepsy focuses on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, such as measures to prevent or control high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.
Methods to manage epilepsy seizures include:
Taking your medication regularly.
Identifying your seizure triggers and avoiding them.
Regularly consulting with your doctor.
For learning the proper method to aid someone having a seizure, click here.
What are the Complications of Epilepsy?
Epileptic seizures expose you to a higher risk of injuries:
During a seizure, you may fall or unintentionally hurt yourself or inhale food or saliva.
Avoid jobs involving heavy machinery or working at heights, or underwater.
You may also be prohibited from driving if your seizures are uncontrolled.
Precautions may be necessary when swimming or taking a bath.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek medical advice if you believe you've had a seizure for the first time. Call emergency services if:
The person has never had a seizure before.
The person is having difficulty breathing.
The seizure lasts more than 5 minutes.
The person has another seizure shortly after the first one.
The person is injured during the seizure.
The person has a health condition such as heart disease, diabetes, or is pregnant.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Can I Get Pregnant if I Have Epilepsy?
Yes, you can, but it's important to see your doctor before trying to conceive, to discuss changes to your treatment plan, as some anti-seizure medications may cause complications for the fetus. If you discover you're pregnant, you should visit the doctor as soon as possible. Do not stop taking your medication without consulting your doctor first.
