This page contains everything you need to know about Cushing Syndrome.
What is Cushing Syndrome?
Cushing Syndrome is a disorder caused by prolonged excessive production of the hormone cortisol in the body. This can result from the body overproducing cortisol.
Cortisol is sometimes referred to as the “stress hormone” because it helps the body respond to stress. The functions of cortisol include:
Regulating blood pressure.
Regulating blood glucose.
Reducing inflammation.
Converting food into energy.
What are the Symptoms of Cushing Syndrome?
Symptoms arise from the harmful effects of elevated cortisol levels on the body’s tissues and organs in the blood over an extended period. These symptoms include:
Weight gain is often around the abdomen.
Weakness and wasting of the arms and legs.
Increased fat in the upper body, around the neck, and shoulders.
A round, red, and puffy face.
Skin problems, including thin skin that bruises easily and heals slowly.
Thirst.
Frequent urination.
Headache.
High blood pressure.
Increased white blood cell count and decreased potassium levels in the blood.
High blood sugar levels.
Mood swings, anxiety, depression.
Sexual dysfunction.
Irregular menstrual periods.
Increased facial hair in women.
Weak bones, easy fractures, and back pain.
Increased susceptibility to infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis.
Children with Cushing Syndrome may experience obesity and stunted growth.
What are the Causes of Cushing Syndrome?
Several disorders can lead to elevated cortisol levels, such as:
A tumor in the pituitary gland.
A tumor in the adrenal gland.
Cushing Syndrome can also result from long-term use of high doses of corticosteroid medications that mimic the action of cortisol. These medications are used to treat other health problems, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus, or after organ transplantation to prevent the body from rejecting the new organ.
How is Cushing Syndrome Diagnosed?
The doctor will take a medical history and conduct a physical examination. Additional procedures may be performed as necessary, such as:
Measuring the amount of cortisol in the body through:
Urine analysis.
Blood test.
Saliva test.
Other tests, including examinations of the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, or other parts of the body, are performed using CT scans or MRI.
How is Cushing Syndrome Treated?
Treatment involves various procedures that depend on the underlying cause, and may include:
If caused by taking high doses of corticosteroid medications:
Gradually reduce or discontinue the medication.
If caused by a tumor, treatment options may include:
Surgery to remove the tumor.
Radiation therapy is used to remove the tumor.
Medications that block or lower cortisol levels in the body.
How Can Cushing Syndrome be Prevented?
There are no methods to prevent Cushing Syndrome. However, it is crucial to visit a doctor if you notice most of the symptoms. If you are prescribed steroid-containing medications, ask your doctor to monitor your cortisol levels.
What are the Complications of Cushing Syndrome?
Heart attacks and strokes.
Blood clots in the legs and lungs.
Infections and susceptibility to illnesses.
Fractures.
High blood pressure.
Elevated cholesterol levels.
Depression or other mood changes.
Memory loss or difficulty concentrating.
Insulin resistance or pre-diabetes can occur when the body fails to use insulin correctly.
Type 2 diabetes.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you suspect you have Cushing Syndrome or exhibit any symptoms of Cushing Syndrome, it is important to consult your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Difference Between Cushing Syndrome and Addison’s Disease?
Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce cortisol. In contrast, Cushing Syndrome occurs due to excessive cortisol secretion by the body.
