On this page, you will find everything you need to know about Severe Protein Deficiency (Edematous Malnutrition – Kwashiorkor)
What is Severe Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)?
It is a severe form of malnutrition, especially protein deficiency. It is more common in developing regions where infants and children do not get enough protein or other essential nutrients in their diet.
What are the symptoms of Severe Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)?
The main symptom of severe protein deficiency is the presence of excessive fluid in the body’s tissues, which causes swelling under the skin (edema). It usually begins in the legs, but may spread to the entire body, including the face.
Other symptoms include:
- Enlarged liver.
- Loss of muscle mass.
- Loss of appetite.
- Stunted growth in children.
- Skin infections.
- Dry, brittle hair that falls out easily and may lose its color.
What are the causes of Severe Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)?
- A diet high in carbohydrates and low or lacking in protein.
- A diet deficient in:
- Essential vitamins and minerals.
- Dietary antioxidants.
Early weaning of a child from breastfeeding without providing an appropriate diet after weaning.
What are the diagnostic methods?
The doctor will take the medical history and perform a physical examination, and may also request additional procedures as needed, such as:
- Blood tests and measurement of blood sugar and protein levels.
- Urine sample.
- Severe protein deficiency is often diagnosed based on the child’s physical appearance and questions about their diet.
What are the treatment methods for Severe Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)?
Treatment may involve several approaches depending on the case, including:
- If severe protein deficiency is detected early, it can be treated either with fortified milk or ready-to-use therapeutic food.
- In severe cases, or when complications are present, treatment in the hospital usually includes:
- Medications.
- Treatment of dehydration with intravenous fluids.
- Nutrition begins slowly under close observation. Protein, in particular, must be reintroduced gradually in severe protein deficiency.
What are the preventive methods for Severe Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)?
- Education on basic nutrition, the benefits of breastfeeding, and the nutritional needs of children and mothers.
- A healthy, balanced diet.
What are the complications of Severe Protein Deficiency (Kwashiorkor)?
- Low blood sugar.
- Low body temperature.
- Dehydration.
- Immune system failure, causing frequent infections and slow wound healing. (For more details, ).
- Liver fibrosis and liver failure.
- Pancreatic atrophy.
- Intestinal mucosal atrophy.
- Growth delay in children.
When should you see a doctor?
It is recommended to visit a doctor if you notice symptoms of severe protein deficiency.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Does severe protein deficiency (Kwashiorkor) affect only children?
No, it affects both children and adults, but children are more vulnerable.
