In this article, you will find everything you need to know about endometrial cancer.
What Is Endometrial Cancer?
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus. The uterus is a hollow pelvic organ where fetal development takes place. Endometrial cancer occurs when the cells of the uterine lining (endometrium) begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably.
What Are the Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer?
The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause.
Other symptoms, typically associated with advanced cases, may include:
- Watery vaginal discharge (possibly with a foul odor).
- Difficulty urinating.
- A lump or swelling in the abdomen or pelvic area.
- Abdominal pain.
What Causes Endometrial Cancer?
The exact cause of endometrial cancer is not fully understood, but several factors may increase the risk:
Health conditions such as:
- .
- Endometrial hyperplasia.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Medications such as:
- Estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (without progesterone).
- Tamoxifen (used for ).
Other risk factors include:
- Obesity.
- Age (over 50).
- Family history of uterine, ovarian, or colon cancer.
- Menopause.
How Is Endometrial Cancer Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical exam. Additional procedures may include:
- Blood tests.
- Pelvic and cervical examination using a speculum.
- Pelvic ultrasound.
- Endometrial biopsy.
How Is Endometrial Cancer Treated?
Treatment depends on the stage and severity of the condition and may include:
- Surgery.
- – using X-rays, gamma rays, or charged particles to kill cancer cells.
- – using anti-cancer drugs to destroy cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy – boosting the body's immune response to target cancer.
- Hormone therapy – using medications or surgical procedures to modify hormone activity.
Can Endometrial Cancer Be Prevented?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent endometrial cancer, but risk may be reduced by:
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Eating a balanced diet.
- Exercising regularly.
- – see the guide to quitting smoking.
- Avoiding alcohol.
What Are the Complications of Endometrial Cancer?
- .
- .
- Spread of cancer to other parts of the body (metastasis).
When Should You See a Doctor?
You should consult a doctor if you experience unusual or unexpected vaginal bleeding.
Frequently Asked Questions:
My period stopped for three months and then returned. Is that normal?
As menopause approaches (often after age 45), menstrual cycles may become irregular—stopping and returning. This is generally normal. Menopause is only confirmed after 12 consecutive months without any period or vaginal bleeding.
I haven’t had a period for over a year and now I have vaginal bleeding. Is that normal?
No. Vaginal bleeding after one full year without a period is not normal and should be evaluated by a doctor to rule out serious conditions, including cancer.
Can I still get pregnant?
If the cancer is detected early, treatment options may preserve fertility, and pregnancy might still be possible.
