On this page, you will find everything you need to know about measles.
What is measles?
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease known for its red rash accompanied by flu-like symptoms.
What are the symptoms of measles?
Measles symptoms typically appear about ten days after being exposed to an infected person.
The most noticeable symptom of measles is the red rash, although this is not usually the first symptom. Measles begins as a flu-like illness lasting between two to four days with symptoms including:
Fever.
A feeling of fatigue.
Severe cough.
Red eyes (conjunctivitis).
Runny nose.
White spots in the mouth (known as Koplik’s spots).
The rash typically appears on the third to the seventh day of the illness, commonly as red and non-itchy spots. Usually, the measles rash starts on the head and then spreads to other parts of the body and lasts between four and seven days.
What are the causes and risk factors associated with measles?
Measles is caused by the measles virus, which spreads through contact with an infected person or when they cough or sneeze near a healthy individual, as the disease is airborne.
The virus can also spread through contact with viral particles that remain in the air or on surfaces, even if the infected person has already left the area. These viral particles can linger in the room and infect others for up to two hours after the infected person departs.
Who is most at risk of contracting measles?
Anyone, at any age, can contract measles if not immunized. A person is considered immune to measles if they have had it before or have been vaccinated against it.
Those with weakened immune systems (e.g., patients undergoing chemotherapy) are more likely to contract measles if exposed and may experience complications.
Pregnant women are not immune to measles.
How is measles diagnosed?
A doctor will take the patient’s medical history and perform a clinical examination, and may request additional procedures as needed, such as:
Blood test, urine test, or a swab from the nose or throat, as these tests can confirm the diagnosis.
How is measles treated?
There is no specific treatment for measles; however, the condition usually improves within seven to ten days. The doctor might suggest taking it easy at home until the patient feels better. Treatment involves various measures or as required, which may include:
Avoiding contact with healthy individuals for at least four days from the time the measles rash first appears reduces the risk of spreading the infection.
It is also advisable to avoid contact with individuals who are more susceptible to the infection, such as young children and pregnant women.
If symptoms cause discomfort for the patient, there are some methods to alleviate these symptoms while the body fights the virus, controls fever, and relieves pain.
How can measles be prevented?
Measles spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Therefore, there are some ways to avoid contracting or spreading it:
Receiving necessary vaccinations against measles.
Regularly washing hands with soap and warm water.
Use tissues when coughing or sneezing.
Disposing of used tissues in the trash bin.
Not sharing tableware, cups, towels, clothes, or bedding with the infected person.
What are the complications of measles?
Measles can lead to serious problems if it spreads to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or brain. Complications can include:
Pneumonia.
Meningitis.
Blindness.
These issues are rare, but some people are at greater risk. This includes children and individuals with weakened immune systems.
When should you see a doctor?
Consult your doctor if you believe you have the infection or if you experience severe symptoms such as:
Difficulty in breathing.
High fever.
Stiff neck.
Severe drowsiness.
Ear pain.
Diarrhea.
Frequently asked questions:
I have vaccinated my child against measles. Can he still get it?
Vaccinations significantly reduce the risk of contracting measles, and in case of infection, symptoms are usually mild.
Is there a difference between measles, rubella, chickenpox, and smallpox?
Yes, all are contagious diseases caused by viruses and differ somewhat in symptoms and the period they remain contagious to others. However, vaccines are available for all these diseases for prevention. It is advised that children receive all the necessary vaccinations for protection.
Can the measles, rubella, or chickenpox vaccines cause autism in my child?
No, all past and present studies thoroughly disprove any link between vaccines and autism in children.
I have had measles before, will I get it again?
In most cases, you will not get it again as the body provides lifelong immunity against it.
