On this page, you will find everything you need to know about Type 2 Diabetes.
What Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Type 2 diabetes is a common disease, often caused by obesity, lack of exercise, and poor dietary habits. In this condition, the body produces insulin in very low amounts, or there's insulin resistance.
What Are the Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?
Symptoms vary from person to person and may include:
Excessive thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Blurred vision
Slow healing of wounds
Fatigue and tiredness
Unexplained weight loss
What Are the Causes of Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes occurs when there is insulin resistance, and the pancreas becomes unable to produce enough insulin. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle play a crucial role in increasing the risk of developing the disease. Risk factors include:
Family history: A first-degree relative with diabetes.
Being overweight (a body mass index of 30 or higher).
Age: The likelihood increases with advancing age.
Physical inactivity.
Diagnosis of prediabetes.
A history of gestational diabetes.
How Is the Diagnosis Made?
The doctor will take the medical history and conduct a physical examination. Additional procedures may be requested as needed, such as:
Random Blood Sugar Test: Measure blood glucose level at any time without fasting. A reading of 200 mg/dL ( 11.1 mmol/L) or higher, along with symptoms such as excessive urination and thirst, indicates diabetes.
Fasting Blood Sugar Test: Measures blood glucose after fasting for at least 8 hours, usually in the morning. A reading of 126 mg/dL (equivalent to 7 mmol/L) or higher indicates diabetes.
Glucose Tolerance Test: Measures blood sugar before and after drinking a glucose solution at one and two hours intervals.
Normal: below 140 mg/dL ( 7.8 mmol/L).
Diabetes:200 mg/dL ( 11.1 mmol/L) or higher
Pre diabetes: 140-199 mg/dL ( 7.7 – 11 mmol/L)
A1C Measurement: Measures the average blood sugar level over the past three months without the need for fasting.
Diabetes: 6.5% or higher (confirmed by two separate tests)
Prediabetes: 5.7% –6.4%
Normal: below 5.7%
What Are the Treatment Methods for Type 2 Diabetes?
Treatment methods focus on controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels through medications like metformin or, in some cases, insulin injections. It involves several measures as needed, including:
Maintaining a healthy diet
Regular physical activity
Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight
Monitoring and Controlling blood sugar levels
How Can Type 2 Diabetes be Prevented?
A healthy lifestyle can help prevent Type 2 Diabetes. Recommended steps include:
Following a balanced diet
Maintaining a healthy weight
Engaging in regular exercise
Quitting smoking. Here are steps to help you quit.
Here you will find a guide for managing diabetes.
What Are the Complications of Type 2 Diabetes?
When blood sugar is poorly controlled, complications may affect major organs:
Retinopathy: High blood sugar affects the blood vessels feeding the retina, causing gradual vision loss.
Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis: Increases the risk of clots, angina, and heart failure due to arterial damage.
Oral Health Problems: Increases the risk of gum disease, cavities, and dry mouth, which raise the likelihood of infection.
Kidney Problems: Damages the nephrons in the kidneys, potentially causing kidney failure.
Neuropathy: Damages nerves, especially in the hands and feet. This can cause tingling, numbness, or loss of touch sensation (touch,temperature,or pain), raising the risk of infections and wounds.
Slow wound healing
Breathing difficulties
Hearing problems
When Should You See a Doctor?
Contact your doctor if your blood sugar stays above above 250 mg/dL throughout the day, or if you experience:
Signs of ketoacidosis
Abdominal pain
Nausea or vomiting
Breathing difficulties
Dizziness or fatigue
Low blood sugar after taking a glucagon injection.
Frequently Asked Questions
If I have Type 2 Diabetes and take insulin, does it mean I will take it forever?
Not necessarily. If you lose weight, improve your diet, increase your physical activity, or adjust your medications, you may be able to reduce or stop insulin therapy. Insulin may only be needed temporarily during times like pregnancy, illness, or post-surgery. Always consult your doctor about your treatment plan.
