On this page, you will find everything you need about ulcerative colitis.
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the large intestine (the rectum and colon).
What are the Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis?
Symptoms vary from person to person, depending on the severity and location of the inflammation. Most people experience mild to moderate symptoms. These symptoms may include:
Abdominal pain and cramps.
Presence of blood or pus in the stool.
Diarrhea.
Fever.
Fatigue and decreased appetite.
Nausea and vomiting.
Unintentional weight loss.
What are the Causes of Ulcerative Colitis?
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors may contribute to ulcerative colitis:
Genetics: The risk increases if a first-degree relative (parent, sibling) has ulcerative colitis.
Immune system dysfunction: an abnormal immune response to the digestive tract.
Ulcerative colitis can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 30.
How is Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosed?
The doctor will take a medical history and conduct a clinical examination. Additional procedures may be required as needed, such as:
Laboratory tests:
Blood tests.
Stool sample. (Refer to the comprehensive medical tests guide for more details.)
Colonoscopy
MRI scan
CT scan
What are the Treatments for Ulcerative Colitis?
Treatment is tailored to individual needs and may include:
Medications:
Doctors prescribe medications to alleviate inflammation and symptoms. Medication is prescribed based on the severity of each patient’s condition.
Surgery:
Removing the colon surgically treats ulcerative colitis and eliminates the risk of colon cancer. You may need surgery if:
Your ulcerative colitis does not respond to medications.
Changes in the colon lining indicate an increased cancer risk.
Serious complications, including a ruptured colon, severe bleeding, or toxic megacolon.
How to Prevent Ulcerative Colitis?
There is no known way to prevent ulcerative colitis, but some tips can help reduce symptom severity:
Follow a healthy, balanced diet.
List foods that suit you and those that do not (foods that worsen your symptoms).
Instead of three large meals, divide your food into smaller meals. Eating 5 or 6 small meals a day may help control symptoms.
Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Ask your doctor about dietary supplements your body needs. For more details, see the natural vitamins guide.
Exercise regularly to improve mood and reduce stress; successful stress management may reduce symptom recurrence. For more details, refer to the 'Move for You and Your Life' guide.
What are the Complications of Ulcerative Colitis?
Rectal bleeding
Enlarged colon (toxic megacolon)
Colon and rectal cancer
Nutrient absorption problems, which may lead to:
Anemia.
Bone issues (osteoporosis).
Growth problems in children.
Difficulty maintaining a healthy weight.
Dehydration.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you notice any of the following:
Blood in the stool.
Persistent diarrhea.
Fever lasting more than a day or two without an apparent cause.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Does Ulcerative Colitis Affect Fertility?
No, ulcerative colitis does not affect fertility chances. However, undergoing colon removal surgery may increase the risk of infertility.
