This page will help you prepare and respond properly to swelling after an injury.
When does swelling occur?
Swelling is any abnormal enlargement of a body part caused by the accumulation of fluids in the tissues. It usually occurs after an injury, as a result of inflammation, or due to fluid retention. Swelling can develop throughout the body or in one specific area (localized). Acute swelling typically appears within 24 hours of the injury.
What are the symptoms of post-injury swelling?
- Enlargement and increased size of the swollen area compared to the non-injured part
- Pain or discomfort when touching the swollen area
- Redness and warmth of the skin over the affected area
- Difficulty moving the swollen part normally
How should you deal with swelling after an injury?
If you have previously injured your ankle, or experienced another type of sprain or swelling, your doctor may recommend rest, ice, compression, and elevation as your first line of treatment. This is a simple self-care technique intended to reduce swelling, relieve pain, and speed up recovery. It is used for minor injuries at home. These recommendations may also be followed if you experience pain in the knee, ankle, or wrist after exercise by applying the following steps:
Step 1: Rest
Pain is the body’s signal that something is wrong. As soon as you are injured, stop your activity and get as much rest as possible during the first two days. Rest helps prevent further bruising. Physicians recommend avoiding weight-bearing on the injured area for 48–72 hours to prevent complications. Always follow your doctor’s advice on rest and rehabilitation, but in most cases you may start moving the injured part the next day if this does not cause further discomfort or pain.
Step 2: Ice
Ice is used to reduce pain and swelling, but it should not be applied for too long, as this may damage tissues. See your doctor if pain or swelling worsens or does not subside.
How long should you apply ice to the injury?
Apply an ice pack (wrapped in a thin towel) for 15–20 minutes every 2–3 hours during the first 24–48 hours after the injury to reduce swelling. If you do not have an ice pack, you can use a bag of frozen peas or corn as an alternative.
Step 3: Compression
This means wrapping the injured area with an elastic medical bandage to prevent swelling. The bandage should be snug but not too tight. If the skin below the bandage turns blue, feels cold, numb, or tingly, loosen the bandage slightly. If these symptoms do not disappear immediately, seek urgent medical help.
Step 4: Elevation
This means raising the injured part of the body above the level of the heart. Doing so reduces pain, throbbing, and swelling. For example, if you have swelling in the ankle, you can support your leg with pillows while sitting on the couch to keep the injured area elevated as much as possible without the need to use ice.
If pain and swelling are not severe, you may use these recommendations. However, if swelling does not improve or pain does not get better within 24–48 hours, you should see a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long can I use first-aid recommendations for swelling?
You may use rest, ice, compression, and elevation for the first 1–3 days after the injury. You can start using the injured area for daily activities after the third day if it is not very painful. If pain and swelling do not improve within 5–7 days from the injury, it is important to consult a doctor.
Which injuries should not be treated with home first aid for swelling?
In many cases of swelling, the simple first-aid method should not be used, such as:
- Dislocated joints (e.g., shoulder)
- Fractures
- Tears in internal organs (e.g., spleen or appendix)
Tips for Preventing Injuries
- Wear appropriate footwear for your activity. This includes properly fitting shoes designed for the specific sport you practice.
- Take breaks from time to time. Even if you are physically fit, short rest periods give your muscles time to recover and strengthen.
- Stretching exercises help improve flexibility and strength.
- Know when to stop, and do not push yourself beyond what is appropriate for your condition and age. If you are recovering from an injury, this point is critical to avoid complications.
- If you are new to exercise, it is important to learn and use the correct techniques. Proper technique helps prevent muscle strain or abnormal body movement.
- Drink enough water. Dehydration may cause muscle cramps or even fainting.
- Take time to warm up. Warming up reduces the risk of injury and improves overall athletic performance.
Emergency Numbers in Gulf Countries
- Saudi Arabia: 997
- United Arab Emirates: 998
- Kuwait: 112
- Bahrain: 999
- Oman: 9999
- Qatar: 999
- Yemen: 199
