Endometrial Cancer
(Public Health)
In this article, you will find everything you need to know about endometrial cancer.
What Is Endometrial Cancer?
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus. The uterus is a hollow pelvic organ where fetal development takes place. Endometrial cancer occurs when the cells of the uterine lining (endometrium) begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably.
What Are the Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer?
- The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause.
- Other symptoms, typically associated with advanced cases, may include:
- Watery vaginal discharge (possibly with a foul odor).
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Difficulty urinating.
- A lump or swelling in the abdomen or pelvic area.
Blood in the urine.
Abdominal pain.
- What Causes Endometrial Cancer?
- Endometrial hyperplasia.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
- Medications suchas:).
- Estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (without progesterone).
- Tamoxifen (used for breast cancer).
- Other risk factors include:
- Obesity.
- Age (over 50).
Family history of uterine, ovarian, or colon cancer.
Exposure to radiation.
- Menopause.
- How Is Endometrial Cancer Diagnosed?
- Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical exam. Additional procedures may include:
- Blood tests.
Pelvic and cervical examination using a speculum.
Pelvic ultrasound.
- Endometrial biopsy.
- How Is EndometrialCancer Treated?
- Treatment depends on the stage and severityof the condition and may include:
- Surgery.
- Radiation therapy – using X-rays, gamma rays, or charged particles to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy – using anti-cancer drugs to destroy cancer cells.
Immunotherapy – boosting the body’s immune response to target cancer.
- Hormone therapy – using medications or surgical procedures to modify hormone activity.
- Can Endometrial Cancer Be Prevented?
- There is no guaranteed way to prevent endometrial cancer, but risk may be reduced by:
- Maintaining ahealthy weight.
- Eating a balanced diet.
Exercising regularly.
- Quitting smoking – see the guide to quitting smoking.
- Avoiding alcohol.
- What Are the Complications of Endometrial Cancer?
Menopause.
Anemia.
Spread of cancer to other parts of the body (metastasis).
When Should You See a Doctor?
You should consult a doctor if you experience unusual or unexpected vaginal bleeding.
Frequently Asked Questions:
My period stopped for three months and then returned. Is that normal?
As menopause approaches (often after age 45), menstrual cycles may become irregular—stopping and returning. This is generally normal. Menopause is only confirmed after 12 consecutive months without any period or vaginal bleeding.
I haven’t had a period for over a year and now I have vaginal bleeding. Is that normal?
