PanicAttack
(Diseases)
This page provides everything you need to know about panic attacks
What are panic attacks?
A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense anxiety that causes fear. It may involve rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, trembling, and muscle tension. Panic attacks occur frequently and unpredictably, often without any external threat. A single episode may last from a few minutes to half an hour, but physical and emotional effects may linger for hours.
- What are the symptoms of panic attacks?
- Symptoms may include:
- An intense sense of dread or danger.
- Rapid heart rate, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
- Trembling, sweating, and dizziness.
- Anxious and irrational thoughts.
- Fear of going crazy, losing control, or dying.
- Tingling and chills, especially in the arms and hands.
- Nausea and a feeling of warmth.
Muscle tension.
Dry mouth.
- What causes panic attacks?
- The brain and nervous system play a major role in how you perceive and respond to fear and anxiety. Your risk increases if you have:
- Family history: Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, often run in families.
Mental health conditions: People with anxiety, depression, or other mental illnesses are more likely to have panic attacks.
Substance abuse issues: Alcohol or drug abuse can raise the risk of panic attacks.
- How are panic attacks diagnosed?
- The doctor takes a medical history and performs a physical exam. Additional tests may be ordered to rule out physical causes, such as:
Blood tests (e.g., complete blood count, thyroid function tests).
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Diagnosis is also based on a psychological evaluation of the patient.
How are panic attacks treated?
- If the physical symptoms of anxiety are caused by a medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism), then treating that condition is the appropriate solution.
- If panic attacks are caused by anxiety, treatment may involve one or more of the following:
- Medications.
- Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
- Stress management techniques.
- Proper breathing techniques.
- Relaxation techniques.
Problem-solving skills development.
Lifestyle modifications, including healthy diet, exercise, and adequate sleep.
- How can panic attacks be prevented?
- Your healthcare provider can help you identify triggers. During psychotherapy, you learn strategies to manage triggers and prevent episodes. You can also take these steps to reduce your risk:
- Limit caffeine intake.
- Exercise regularly.
- Eat a healthy diet.
Manage stress.
Talk to your doctor before using herbal supplements or over-the-counter medications, as some substances may increase anxiety.
- What are the complications of panic attacks?
- Panic attacks are highly treatable. Unfortunately, many people delay seeking help out of embarrassment. Untreated panic attacks or panic disorder can interfere with your ability to enjoy life. Possible complications include:
- Anticipatory anxiety: Worrying intensely about the next attack.
Phobias: Irrational fears, such as fear of heights or enclosed spaces.
Agoraphobia: A fear of being in places where escape might be difficult during a panic attack, this can become so severe that some people fear leaving home.
When should you see a doctor?
- Some panic attack symptoms can resemble a physical emergency like a heart attack. Seek emergency care if you experience:
- Chest pain.
- Shortness of breath.
- Loss of consciousness.
- You should also contact your healthcare provider if you experience:
- Chronic anxiety that interferes with daily life.
Difficulty concentrating.
Severe irritability.
Fear of leaving your home (agoraphobia).
