متلازمة ستيفن جونسون (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

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Stevens-Johnson syndrome

 

(Diseases) 

On this page, you will find everything youSJSneed to know about Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS). 

 

What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)? 

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a serious skin condition that causes a rash, blisters, and subsequent skin peeling. It also affects the mucous membranes, including the eyes, genitals, and mouth. Skin peeling may involve up to 10% of the body and can be life-threatening. 

  • What are the symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome? 
  • Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome may include: 
  • Skin pain. 
  • Fever. 
  • Body aches. 
  • Red rash or red spots on the skin. 
  • Cough. 
  • Blisters and ulcers on the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth, throat, eyes, genitals, and anus. 
  • Skin peeling. 
  • Drooling (due to mouth pain and difficulty closing the mouth). 

 

Eye adhesion (due to blisters and swelling). 

 Painful urination (due to mucosal blistering). 

  • What causes Stevens-Johnson Syndrome? 
  • Infections such as: 

Mycoplasma pneumonia. 

  • Herpes virus. 
  • Hepatitis A. 
  • Allergic reaction to vaccines. 
  • Allergic reaction toNSAIDstransplanted organs. 

 

Medications known to cause SJS, including: 

Antibiotics (especially sulfa-based antibiotics). 

  • Anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital. 
  • Allopurinol (used to treat gout). 
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as piroxicam, nevirapine, and diclofenac. 
  • How is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome diagnosed? 
  • Diagnosis is based on: 

 

Medical history. 

Physical examination. 

  • Evaluation of skin and mucosal lesions. 
  • Assessment of skin detachment extent. 
  • Skin biopsy. 
  • Blood tests. 
  • How is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome treated? 
  • Treatment is typically provided in a hospital setting, possibly in an intensive care unit or burn unit, and may include: 
  • Discontinuing the offending medication. 

 

Administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration. 

Applying non-adhesive dressings to affected skin. 

 

Providing high-calorie nutrition, possibly through a feeding tube, to support healing. 

Prescribing antibiotics when needed to prevent or treat infections. 

  • Using advanced therapies to accelerate recovery. 
  • How can Stevens-Johnson Syndrome be prevented? 
  • There is no guaranteed way to prevent SJS, as it is usually triggered by a medication, and it is often not possible to predict who will have an adverse reaction. Once a specific drug is identified as the cause, the patient must avoid that drug and any similar medications in the future. 

 

The most serious complication is death. Other complications may include: 

Pneumonia. 

 

Sepsis (widespread bacterial infection).

Shock.

Multiple organ failure. 

 

Eye problems, such as dry eyes or vision impairment.

When should you see a doctor? 

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