المتلازمة الكلوية (Nephrotic Syndrome)

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Nephrotic Syndrome

 

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What is nephrotic syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes a malfunction in the blood filtering units (glomeruli), leading to a significant leakage of protein into the urine. This disorder can result from kidney diseases, other chronic diseases affecting the body, or even the use of certain medications. It can occur at any age but is more common in children.

What are the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?

  • Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of health problems, including:
  • Excess protein is deposited in the urine, which may make the urine appear foamy.
  • Low levels of a protein in the blood called albumin
  • High levels of fats in the blood.

Swelling and fluid accumulation in the body.

Symptoms in individuals with congenital nephrotic syndrome often begin appearing from birth to three months of age and continue thereafter.

What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome?

  • Nephrotic syndrome occurs due to changes in kidney tissue that are only visible under an electron microscope.These changes can result from kidney issues or other health conditions that increase the risk, such as:
  • Kidney diseaseslike focalsegmental glomerulosclerosisor glomerulonephritis..
  • Infections suchas hepatitisor HIV.
  • Certain chronic metabolicdiseases, suchas diabetes.
  • Some chronic immunediseases, suchas lupus.
  • Medications that affect thekidneys, such as lithium,used for bipolar disorder.
  • Certain types of cancers, such as leukemia.

One type of nephrotic syndrome is congenital nephrotic syndrome, a genetic disease occurring when both parents carry the gene responsible for the syndrome.

How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed?:

  • The doctor takes a medical history and conducts a physical examination, and may request additional procedures as needed, such as:.
  • Laboratory tests on urine.. 
  • Laboratory testson blood.

A kidney tissue biopsy.

How is nephrotic syndrome treated?

  • Treatment involves several procedures or as needed, and may include:
  • Treating any bacterial or infectious cause.
  • Using steroids, such as cortisone, to treat the kidney disorder.
  • Blood pressure medications to help reduce the amount of protein leaking into the urine.
  • Diuretics to eliminatefluid accumulation.
  • Dialysis in advanced stagesof the disease.

Kidney transplantation in advanced stages of the disease.

How can nephrotic syndrome be prevented?

  • There is no prevention for nephrotic syndrome, but there are some tips to live with the disease:
  • Adhering to appointments.
  • Taking prescribed medications.
  • Controlling fluid intake.
  • Checking for proteins in the urine when signs of syndrome activity appear.
  • Controlling sodium intake in food to avoid fluid retention in the body.

Completing vaccinations.

 Malnutrition.

When should you see a doctor?

If you notice symptoms in yourself or your child that indicate nephrotic syndrome, such as body swelling due to fluid accumulation or foamy urine.

Frequently Asked Questions:

I noticed a change inurine. Does this meanI have nephrotic syndrome?

It depends on the type of change in the urine being referred to, but most urine changes are generally due to non-serious causes and indicate treatable diseases. However, if there is a change in urine accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, body swelling, or suspicious signs in urine changes and the presence of blood in urine, you should see a doctor for necessary tests and to develop a treatment plan to determine the reasons for the urine change and the presence of other symptoms.

I did a urine test and found protein in the urine. Does this mean I have nephrotic syndrome?

No, nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms and health problems that must all be present to diagnose the syndrome, and it depends on the amount of protein in the urine. The presence of protein in the urine can be due to benign causes, such as in people who exercise regularly, or other non-syndrome health issues like diabetes or high blood pressure.

Is nephrotic syndrome a chronic disease?

Yes, nephrotic syndrome is a chronic disease with no permanent cure except for kidney transplantation. However, available treatments like steroids can prevent kidney disorders from recurring in certain types for long periods, preserving kidney function from deterioration.

Are there other typesNephritic Syndromeof nephrotic syndrome?Nephrotic Syndrome). 

 

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