Rubella (German Measles)
On this page, you will find everything you need to know about rubella (German Measles).
What Is Rubella?
Rubella is an infectious disease caused by a virus, and it differs from the disease caused by the measles virus. Some people infected with rubella show no symptoms at all. For others, the infection can cause a mild illness accompanied by fever and a red rash.
Rubella is usually not serious. However, babies who contract rubella during pregnancy can be seriously affected. Nowadays, rubella is rare due to immunization programs within children’s vaccination schedules. However, outbreaks can still occur among unvaccinated individuals.
What Are the Symptoms of Rubella Infection?
- About one in two people infected with rubella show no symptoms. However, those without symptoms can still transmit the infection to others. Symptoms typically appear two to three weeks after exposure to the virus and are usually mild, including:
- Red rash
- Mild fever
- Headache
- Swollen glands
- Runny nose
- Joint pain
Red, sore eyes
Most people with symptoms recoverCRSin about three days.
For pregnant women, rubella can be harmful to the development of the baby if the mother contracts the virus, especially during the first ten weeks of pregnancy. Rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to a condition known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). This syndrome can cause a range of birth defects.
- Birth defects associated with Congenital Rubella Syndrome include:
- Low birth weight
- Cognitive impairment
- Hearing loss
- Heart problems
Eye problems, such as cataracts
- What Causes Rubella Infection?
- Rubella spreads through contact with the respiratory fluids of an infected person. for example, when coughing or sneezing nearby. Rubella can also spread through direct contact with an infected person.
For pregnant women, rubella can pass through the mother’s blood and infect the fetus.
How Is Rubella Diagnosed?
- A doctor will take the patient’s medical history and perform a clinical examination. Additional procedures may be requested as needed, including information about:
- Whether the patient has been in contact with someone infected with rubella
- The patient’s vaccination history
If a doctor suspects rubella infection, they may refer the patient for a blood test to confirm the diagnosis.
How Is Rubella Treated?
- There is no specific medication or treatment for rubella, and antibiotics will not help you recover faster from rubella, as it is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, but most people recover from rubella without medical treatment. Strategies to alleviate symptoms at home include:
- Getting plenty of rest
- Drinking lots of fluids
Taking painkillers to reduce fever
How Can Rubella be Prevented?
The vaccine is the best way to prevent rubella. If someone has rubella, it is important to stay home, away from childcare, school, or work to prevent spreading the infection.
What Are the Complications of Rubella Infection?
Rubella usually does not cause complications except for the fetus still in the womb. In very rare cases, rubella can cause joint inflammation (arthritis) or neurological problems.
When Should You See a Doctor?
You should see a doctor if you believe you or your child may have rubella. Getting a diagnosis from a doctor is important, as many other illnesses have symptoms similar to rubella.
- Frequently Asked Questions
I am a pregnant woman, and during routine pregnancy check-ups, it wasMMRfound that I am not immune to rubella. Can I get vaccinated?
