Autism
(Diseases)
On this page, you will find everything you need to know about Autism
What is Autism?
Autism spectrum disorders are a range of conditions characterized by varying degrees of difficulty in social interaction and communication, in addition to atypical behaviors and activities, such as difficulty transitioning between tasks, excessive focus on details, and unusual reactions to sensory stimuli.
The abilities and needs of people with autism differ and may change over time. While some can live independently, others have severe disabilities and require lifelong care and support. Autism often affects opportunities for education and employment and can place significant pressure on families providing care and support.
Some signs of autism may appear in early childhood, but diagnosis is often delayed. People with autism frequently experience coexisting conditions, such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as challenging behaviors like sleep disorders and self-injury. Intellectual performance varies widely among individuals with autism, ranging from severe impairment to above-average intelligence.
- What are the symptoms of Autism?
- Autism symptoms vary in severity among individuals, but common symptoms include:
- 1. Difficulty in social communication:
- Poor conversational skills or difficulty understanding nonverbal language.
- Trouble forming social relationships or interacting with others.
- Avoiding eye contact or not responding when called by name.
- 2. Repetitive behavior patterns:
- Repetitive movements,such as rocking or clapping.
- Intense focus on specific topics or activities.
- Resistance to change and insistence on following a fixed routine.
- 3. Restricted and unusual interests:
- Strong, atypical interests in specific objects or topics.
4. Sensory issues:
Unusual reactions to sounds, smells, or lights.
These symptoms may appear before the age of three and continue throughout life to varying degrees.
- What causes Autism?
- There is no single known cause of autism. It is most likely the result of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic factors: Certain gene mutations are linked to a higher risk of autism. These mutations can be inherited or occur spontaneously.
Environmental factors: Exposure of the fetus to certain conditions during pregnancy, such as viral infections or environmental pollutants, may increase the risk of autism.
What are the waysto diagnose Autism?
- (M-CHATThe doctor takes the medical history and performs a clinical examination, and the diagnosis of autism depends on observing the patient’s behavior and social interactions, and there are no specific medical tests to diagnose it.
- But the common diagnostic methods include:Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers.
- (M-CHAT) Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers:
- Full name: Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers.
- (ADOSDescription: A questionnaire consisting of questions directed to parents, aiming to detect signs of autism in young children aged between 16 and 30 months. It depends on observing the child’s behavior in areas such as social communication, play, and interaction with others.
- Use: It is used as an initial screening tool to identify children who may need further evaluation for autism diagnosis.Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.
- (ADOS) Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule:
- Full name: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.
- (ADI-RDescription: A test based on the direct observation of the child’s or individual’s behavior. Different situations are organized to provoke specific social and communication responses used to assess aspects such as nonverbal communication, play, and imagination.
- Use: It is considered one of the most accurate tools for diagnosing autism, as it is used across all age groups, from young children to adults.Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised.
- (ADI-R) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised:
- Full name: Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised.
:Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) .4
- Description: A structured interview conducted with the child’s parents or caregivers, focusing on the child’s developmental history and behavior in areas such as communication, social interaction, interests, and repetitive behaviors.
- Use: It is used as part of the detailed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and includes detailed questions that help in assessing the main symptoms associated with autism.
- (Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS:
- (VABS-4) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales:
- Description: A scale that assesses adaptive behavior, which is the individual’s ability to be independent and perform daily activities. It includes areas such as communication, daily living, social skills, and motor skills.
- Use: It is used to evaluate children and adults with developmental disorders, including autism, to measure how well they can adapt in their daily lives.
- (GARS) Gilliam Autism Rating Scale:
Description: A scale based on a set of behaviors associated with autism and relies on information provided by parents or teachers.
Use: It is used as a supportive tool for diagnosing autism in children and adolescents and is based on assessing communication, social behavior, and repetitive behaviors.
- Behavioral observation: Doctors observe the child’s behavior and social interaction, as well as note their communication ability and repetitive behavior patterns.
- Interviews and evaluations with parents: Parents or caregivers are interviewed to obtain information about the child’s behavior and development since birth.
Each of these tools plays an important role in evaluating autism and determining the appropriate support for affected individuals.
Autism is usually diagnosed at an early age, but it may occur later in some cases, especially in less obvious ones.
- For ages under 3 years: Evaluation can be obtained through the early intervention system.
- For ages over 3 years: Evaluation can be requested from the school’s special education team.
- How is Autism treated?
- There is no cure for autism, but several approaches help improve skills and reduce symptoms, including:
- Behavioral therapy: To enhance positive behaviors and reduce negative ones — among the most effective methods.
Speech therapy: To improve verbal and nonverbal communication skills.
Functional Treatment: To improve motor skills and daily living activities.
Medications: To manage symptoms such as anxiety or hyperactivity.
Family intervention: To train parents on how to interact with the child and strengthen social communication.
- How can Autism be prevented?
- There is no specific way to prevent autism, but risks can be reduced through proper prenatal care, getting necessary vaccinations to prevent infections that may affect neural development, and monitoring a child’s behavioral development early.
- What are the complications of Autism?
- Complications vary in severity from person to person, but proper support helps manage them. These may include:
Learning difficulties: Challenges in academic or life skills learning.
Communication problems: Difficulty speaking or understanding language, leading to social challenges.
Social challenges: Difficulty interacting with others and forming relationships.
- Behavioral issues: Repetitive or impulsive behaviors.
- These complications may differ in severity, but providing the right support helps improve quality of life.
- When should you see a doctor?
- You should consult a doctor if you notice any of the following symptoms, as early intervention can improve outcomes:
Delayed communication skills: Not responding when called or delayed speech.
Social difficulties: Trouble interacting or maintaining relationships.
Unusual behaviors: Repetitive movements or excessive adherence to routines.
Delayed motor or cognitive skills: Difficulty performing daily tasks or learning.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ):
