Telogen effluvium
(Diseases)
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What is Telogen Effluvium?
Telogen Effluvium is a common type of hair loss characterized by temporary hair thinning on the scalp due to changes in the hair growth cycle. It occurs as a result of conditions such as chronic illnesses, major surgery, severe infections, or sudden changes in hormone levels, particularly in women after childbirth. Hair falls out moderately from all parts of the scalp, and hair may appear thinner in some areas, but large bald patches are rare.
What are the symptoms of Telogen Effluvium?
Symptoms of Telogen Effluvium include:
Increased hair shedding, noticeable on hairbrushes, in the shower drain, or on the pillow.
Thinning of the hair on the scalp.
Dry hair that falls out easily.
In Telogen Effluvium, the scalp appears healthy without symptoms like rashes, itching, burning, pain, or flaking.Anagen):
The scalp hair undergoes a continuous life cycle consisting of four main stages:
Anagen (Growth Phase):
This is the active growth phase where new hair is produced.
Cells in the hair follicle divide rapidly, increasing the hair shaft length.
Hair grows about half an inch per month during this phase.Catagen):
This stage can last from 2 to 7 years depending on genetic factors, age, and overall health.
Catagen (Transitional Phase):
A short transitional phase lasting about 2–3 weeks.
Hair growth slows and eventually stops.
The hair follicle shrinks and detaches from its blood supply.Telogen):
The lower part of the follicle begins to degrade.
Telogen (Resting Phase):
The follicle is inactive during this phase.
The hair shaft does not grow and remains anchored in place.
This phase lasts about 3 months.Exogen):
At the end of this phase, the hair falls out and a new hair begins to grow in its place.
Exogen (Shedding Phase):
The final stage where the old hair sheds from the scalp.
A new hair starts growing from the same follicle, pushing the old hair out.
It is normal to lose about 50–100 hairs per day during this stage.
Telogen Effluvium occurs when hair enters the “resting” phase prematurely due to stress or physical changes, leading to hair shedding.
What are the causes of Telogen Effluvium?
The following factors may lead to Telogen Effluvium:
High fever.
Childbirth.
Acute infections.
Psychological stress.
Surgery requiring general anesthesia.
Hyperthyroidism.
Hypothyroidism.
Stopping birth control pills.
Severe trauma, such as accidents.NSAIDs).
Unbalanced diets lacking protein.
Certain medications, including retinoids, antidepressants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Crash diets that cause sudden, severe weight loss.
How is Telogen Effluvium diagnosed?
The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination, and may order additional tests as needed, such as:
Pull test: A small group of 40 to 60 hairs is gently pulled between the fingers. Normally, only 2–3 hairs are pulled out. In Telogen Effluvium, 4–6 hairs or more are pulled out, usually with white bulbs at the roots.
Blood tests.
Scalp biopsy, if there is suspicion of an underlying condition or disease causing the problem.
What are the treatment options for Telogen Effluvium?
Since one of the main causes of Telogen Effluvium is physical stress, identifying the cause is crucial. Once the cause is addressed, most cases resolve on their own within 6 to 8 months. However, treatment may involve several options, depending on the need, such as:
Medications: Over-the-counter topical medications for the scalp, such as:
Minoxidil, which stimulates hair growth. Side effects may include headaches, scalp irritation, and unwanted hair growth in other areas. Minoxidil is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Multivitamins or supplements: Multivitamins containing iron, or iron supplements, help promote hair growth. Biotin supplements also support healthy and strong hair.
Wigs or hair extensions to conceal hair loss.
How can Telogen Effluvium be prevented?
There are several ways to maintainA, B, C, D, Ehealthy hair and promote growth, including:
Increasing protein intake, especially for vegetarians or vegans. The body needs 40–60 grams of protein daily, which may help reduce hair loss.
Taking vitamins: Certain vitamins and minerals such as vitamins A, B, C, D, E, zinc, biotin, and iron support the health of hair, skin, and muscle tissues. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before adding new supplements.
Managing stress, since stress is a major factor in Telogen Effluvium.
Getting enough sleep, as quality sleep helps lower stress levels.
Avoiding crash or restrictive diets, which can lead to rapid weight loss and trigger Telogen Effluvium. These diets may also cause nutrient deficiencies necessary for hair health.
Exercising regularly and following a balanced diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
What are the complications of Telogen Effluvium?
Telogen Effluvium is a benign condition that typically resolves on its own without complications. Since it is a non-scarring type of hair loss, the scalp does not show any scarring even during the active shedding phase.
When should you see a doctor?
You should see a doctor if you notice symptoms of Telogen Effluvium to identify the underlying cause and choose the appropriate treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Who is most at risk of developing Telogen Effluvium?
Anyone can develop Telogen Effluvium. However, the likelihood of chronic Telogen Effluvium without an identifiable cause is higher in women aged between 30 and 60 years.
Is it possible for hair to grow back after Telogen Effluvium?
Yes, hair usually grows back after Telogen Effluvium. After a shedding phase that lasts between three to six months, new hair typically grows in the affected areas.
