مرط الجفنين (Madarosis)

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Madarosis

 

( Diseases) 

On this page, you will​​find everything you needto know about Madarosis. 

 

What Is Madarosis? 

Madarosis is a medical term that refers to the loss of eyelashes or eyebrows. It can result from a variety of underlying causes. This hair loss is considered abnormal and differs from the normal daily shedding that occurs as part of the natural hair growth cycle. In cases of madarosis, the loss is typically more rapid, noticeable, and involves larger quantities of hair. 

  • What Are theSuperciliary MadarosisTypes of Madarosis? 
  • Madarosis is classifiedCiliary Madarosisinto several types: 

 

Superciliary Madarosis: Refers to the loss of eyebrows. 

  • Ciliary Madarosis: Refers to the loss of eyelashes.Scarring Madarosis): 

It is also categorized based on the condition of the hair follicles: 

  • Scarring Madarosis: Refers to permanent hair loss caused by damage to the hair follicles due to deep inflammation or destructive factors, leading to scarring and irreversible hair loss. Causes include discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, malignancies, and some deep infections.Non-scarring Madarosis): 

Non-scarring Madarosis: Refers to temporary hair loss where follicles remain intact. Hair regrowth is possible after treating the underlying cause. It includes superficial inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and hormonal disorders. 

 

What Are the Symptoms of Madarosis? 

The symptoms primarily involve noticeable hair loss around the eyes, they may also serve as indicators of the condition, and the most prominent symptoms include: 

  • Loss of hair around the eyes: Sudden and excessive loss of eyelashes or eyebrows, which leads to a noticeable reduction in hair in this area. 
  • Pain or discomfort: The person may experience pain or discomfort in the area around the eyes. 
  • Skin discoloration: Changes in skin tone around the eyes due to inflammation or irritation. 
  • Localized rash: Appears near the lash line or on the eyelid, indicating a possible skin reaction or infection. 
  • Abnormal hair growth: Uneven regrowth or broken hair strands. 
  • Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids that often accompanies madarosis. 

 

What Causes Madarosis? 

Madarosis can result from a wide range of causes, which affect the skin or hair follicles in the area around the eyes. Some of these causes may be treatable or reversible, while others can lead to permanent hair loss. The most common causes include:​​: 

Local Infections and Trauma: 

  • Viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex, herpes zoster). 
  • Bacterial infections (e.g., staphylococcal infections). 
  • Skin trauma, such as burns, physical injury, or chemical poisoning. 
  • Inflammation of the meibomian glands. 

 

Skin Conditions: 

  • Atopic dermatitis. 

 

Autoimmune Diseases: 

  • Scleroderma. 
  • Sarcoidosis. 

 

Hormonal Disorders: 

 

Medications and Therapies:

  • Chemotherapy. 
  • Radiotherapy. 
  • Certain medications with hair loss as a side effect (e.g., diabetes drugs, dermatologic treatments). 

 

Psychological Disorders:  

 

Trichotillomania (compulsivehair-pulling disorder). 

 

Toxicity: 

Exposure to toxic substances such as thallium or cocaine. 

How Is Madarosis Diagnosed? 

  • Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, and possibly additional tests. 
  • Medical History: 
  • Personal and family history of skin conditions, hormonal disorders, cancers, autoimmune diseases, infections, injuries, and medications or any allergenic substances.Trichotillomania). 

 

Family history for identifying congenital causes. 

  • Psychological and social history to assess for conditions like trichotillomania. 
  • Physical Examination: 
  • Examination of the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, and surrounding skin for signs of inflammation (such as blepharitis), infection, tumors, or skin diseases (such as psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis). 

 

Evaluation of the extent of hair loss in the eyelashes or eyebrows, and determining whether there are hairs growing at a different rate or broken hair ends. 

  • Full-body skin check to identify associated systemic conditions or autoimmune diseases, such as alopecia areata or lupus. 
  • Laboratory Tests: 
  • Blood tests: To detect hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, detect nutritional deficiencies (e.g., zinc, biotin). 

 

  • Infection screening: Blood tests to detect syphilis and tuberculosis. 
  • Skin biopsy: For suspected leprosy or malignancy. 
  • Autoantibody testing: ANA test for lupus erythematosus. 
  • How IsANAMadarosis Treated? 

 

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Cosmetic or surgical solutions may be considered if hair loss is permanent. 

Treating the Underlying Cause: 

Infections: Antibiotics or antiviral medications. 

  • Autoimmune conditions: In conditions such as alopecia areata or autoimmune diseases, topical corticosteroids or immunotherapies. 
  • Hormonal imbalances: If the cause is hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement therapy. 
  • Dermatological conditions: In conditions such as blepharitis or psoriasis, treatment involves eyelid care using warm compresses, antibacterial agents, or anti-inflammatory drugs. 
  • Cosmetic Treatments: 

 

Artificial eyelashes or eyebrows. 

  • Hair transplant or eyelash transplant, especially in cases where hair follicles are destroyed (such as inflammatory skin diseases, infections, or injuries). 
  • Medications: 

 

Antibiotics (e.g., for blepharitis or syphilis). 

  • Corticosteroids (for alopecia areata or inflammatory causes). 
  • Thyroid hormone replacement, in cases of hypothyroidism. 
  • Behavioral Therapy: 

 

In cases of trichotillomania, behavioral therapy or psychological counseling may be necessary. 

  • How Can Madarosis Be Prevented? 

 

The prevention of eyelid margin disease depends on maintaining eyelid hygiene and addressing underlying causes and contributing factors early. Preventive measures include: 

Regular eyelid hygiene to prevent blepharitis and other infections. 

  • Using eyelid cleansers when appropriate. 
  • Prompt treatment of infections such as blepharitis, leprosy, or syphilis to prevent hair loss. 
  • Managing autoimmune diseases like alopecia and lupus. 
  • Treating thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism. 
  • Avoiding physical trauma or burns. 
  • Addressing compulsive behaviors like trichotillomania. 
  • What Are the Complications of Madarosis? 

 

Eyelid margin disease can lead to various complications ranging from cosmetic to health-related effects, including: 

Permanent hair loss: Especially in scarring madarosis. 

Psychological impact: Social anxiety, low self-esteem,or emotional distress due to appearance. 

Loss of eyelash function: Eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and foreign bodies; their loss increases the risk of eye irritation and infections. 

  • When Should You See a Doctor? 
  • Medical attention is advised in the following situations: 

Sudden or unexplained loss of eyelashes or eyebrows,especially if rapid or without an obvious cause. 

 

Associated symptoms such as: 

Rash or itching. 

  • Pain, redness, or swelling around the eyes. 
  • Skin irritation or discoloration. 
  • Hair loss that worsens over time or spreads to other areas of the body. 
  • Presence of symptoms related to systemic diseases, such as: 
  • Thyroid disorders (hypo- or hyperthyroidism). 

 

  • Autoimmune diseases (e.g., alopecia, lupus). 
  • Chronic infections. 
  • Frequently Asked Questions: 
  • Can hair regrow after madarosis? 
  • Yes, if the condition is non-scarring, hair regrowth is possible after treating the underlying cause. However, in scarring madarosis, hair loss is often permanent. 

 

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هل يمكن أن ينمو الشعر مجددًا في حال الإصابة بمرض مرط الجفنين؟  

في حالة مرط الجفنين غير الندبي، يمكن للشعر أن ينمو مرة أخرى بعد علاج السبب، أما في حالة الندبي، غالبا يكون فقدان الشعر دائمًا. 

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