أمراض القلب والشرايين (Heart and Artery Diseases)

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Heart and Artery Diseases

On this page, you will find everything you need to know about heart and artery diseases.

What Are Heart and Artery Diseases?

The term “heart disease” refers to various types of illnesses. These diseases can affect the heart’s electrical system, heart muscles, coronary arteries, heart valves, and more. The most common among them is coronary heart disease, which affects blood flow to the heart, leading to heart attacks.

Heart failure.

What Are the Symptoms of Heart Diseases?

Sometimes there are no clear symptoms, and they are only diagnosed after a person experiences a heart attack, heart failure, or irregular heartbeats. Most of the time, heart disease is not detected unless there are risk factors; at that point, the following symptoms may appear:

  • Symptoms of a Heart Attack:
  • Chestpainorangina..
  • Pain in the back and neck.
  • Indigestion.
  • Heartburn. .
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Extreme fatigue.

Shortness of breath.

  • Symptoms of Heart Failure:
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Extreme fatigue.
  • Swelling of the feet or ankles.

Swelling of the abdomen or around the neck.

Coronary Heart Disease:

Coronary heart disease occurs due to the buildup of cholesterol and other fats in the artery walls that supply blood to the heart, known as the coronary arteries.

  • Common early symptoms include:
  • Chest pain.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Pain in theshoulder or arms.
  • Nausea and fatigue.

Irregular heartbeats.

Irregular heartbeats may present as rapid beats, a feeling of slow beats, or irregular rhythm. The symptoms include:

Congenital Heart Defects:

Congenital heart defects are usually noticed shortly after birth, with signs or symptoms in children that may include:

  • Gray or blue skin color.
  • Swelling of the legs, abdomen, or around the eyes.
  • Shortness of breath during feeding, leading to weakness, wasting, and weight loss.
  • Cardiomyopathy:

Initially, there are no symptoms of cardiomyopathy, but in later stages, symptoms may include:

  • Shortness of breath with any activity.
  • Swelling of the legs, ankles, and feet.
  • Fatigue.
  • Irregular heartbeats.
  • Dizziness andlightheadedness..

Heart Valve Diseases::

The heart has four valves: aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid. Various factors may cause valve narrowing, insufficiency, or prolapse. Common signs and symptoms of heart valve diseases include:

Shortness of breath.

Irregular heartbeats.

  • Swelling of the feet or ankles.
  • Chest pain.
  • Fainting.
  • Heart Infections:
  • Heart infections (endocarditis) affect the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Signs and symptoms of heart inflammation include:

Fever.

Shortness of breath.

  • Feeling tired.
  • Swelling of the legs or abdomen.
  • Changes in heartbeats.
  • Dry or persistent cough.
  • What Are the Causes of Heart and Artery Diseases?
  • Congenital heart defects and many chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, are major risk factors for heart disease.

In addition to an unhealthy lifestyle, some health conditions increase the likelihood of heart diseases, such as:

Obesity

Unhealthy diet

  • Lack of exercise. 
  • Alcohol
  • What Are the Diagnostic Methods?
  • The doctor takes the medical history, conducts a physical examination, and may order additional procedures as needed, such as:

Blood tests.

Electrocardiogram (E.C.G).:

  • Holter.
  • Echocardiogram.E.C.G)
  • Heart biopsy.Holter)
  • Diagnostic heart catheterization.Echocardiogram)
  • X-rays.
  • Computed tomography (CT).
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • What Are the Treatment Methods for Heart Diseases?CT)
  • Heart diseases are treated based on the type of disease, controlling symptoms ,preventing complications. This is achieved through lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgery.MRI)

How Can Heart Diseases Be Prevented?

There are several ways to prevent acquired (non-congenital) heart diseases, such as:

Following a healthy diet.

Regular exercise.

  • Maintaining an ideal weight.
  • Quitting smoking (for more details, see the smoking cessation guide).
  • Controlling blood pressure levels.
  • Maintaining bloodglucose levels.
  • Maintaining blood lipid levels.
  • Regular medication intake.
  • What Are the Complications of Heart Diseases?
  • Complications can be avoided with most heart diseases if treated correctly, and with a healthy lifestyle and adherence to medical guidelines. These diseases in advanced stages can lead to heart failure and cardiac arrest if not treated properly.

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

You should visit a doctor if you notice any symptoms of heart and artery diseases.

Frequently AskedQuestions:

Is There a Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects?

 

Treatment depends on the cause of the problem and may include medications, surgery, or other medical procedures.

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